Handball athletes are subjected to high loads especially during the process of overhead throwing. Female and male athletes often complain of pain and report unexplained loss of speed and control of ball transfer. Shoulder blade dyskinesia and overuse syndrome have been identified as risk factors for injury among elite handball athletes. Understanding the dynamics of ball transfer and its kinematic phase is crucial for health professionals. In this study, the effect of an interventional exercise program was evaluated to investigate its effect on the range of motion and muscle activation of the shoulder girdle, elements that are major components of ball transfer in handball. The sample consisted of 20 high level handball athletes from Greece. The athletes were divided into two groups, 10 study 10 control group and were given the exercise program. Before and after the application of the program, the following measurements were performed: a) Angular external and internal rotation b)Isokinetic evaluation of shoulder at external and internal rotation in 90° abduction, at 60°/sec, 180°/sec and 300°/sec angular velocities. Statistically significant difference showed: a) in external rotation of 180°/sec, b) the deficit internal rotation of 300°/sec and c) in the deficit of external and internal rotator muscles, after inferential statistics was contacted. Statistically significant difference also showed in 300°/sec ratio of left shoulder, increasing the external towards the internal torque. In conclusion, from the angular evaluation, it appeared that the results in the range of motion were not as expected. The interventional program was not as beneficial as it would expect. This contradicts the results in the deficits and ratio in both the internal and external rotation of both shoulders, in witch was sufficiently beneficial. The results of the study suggest training guidelines giving important information to the health professionals involved, while providing feedback to the handball athletes.
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