At the conclusion of the 2019 season, Major League Baseball saw its overall attendance drop for the fith straight year. In recent years, fan violence inside an outside professional baseball stadiums has captured national media attention. Moreover, recent deaths and injuries drom foul balls led to legislators calling in Major League Baseball in 2019 to extend stadium safty netting to keep fans safe. As Major League Baseball and its teams head into an uncertain 2021 season due to safty concerns around COVID-19, there are questions surroundinghow fans view safty at ballparks, and to what extend safty predricts fan satisfaction or impacts decision making. Leisure constraint research has served as a foundation for examining an understanding constraints or barries that may prevent or alter the consumption of sport by consumers and their hierarchical associations (Trail, 2019). Moreover, the understanding of leisure choices and behavior requires the consideration of influencing factors that are both positive and negative that influence choices (Koo, 2019). On particular gap in constraint research has been the exploration of new constraints to participation, particulary fan safty. The aim of this study was to introduce an organizational constraint safty model and examine fan safty constructs as barriers to attendance. The outcome of this study hoped to provide new insights into aspects of leisure behavior not investigated and assist sport practitioners to better understand their fans´ feelings about safty, and to what extent feelings of safty impact decision making.
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