Exercise Research Associates (ExRA) is a non-profit research and consulting company with the purpose of performing and disseminating the results of scientific research in the fields of health, fitness, sports medicine and other related sport science and health disciplines. Our primary area of focus is the epidemiology of sports injuries. This web site provides access to the results of research performed by ExRA staff, most of which have appeared in peer-reviewed professional publications. Overview of Epidemiology of Sports Injuries "Epidemiology of Athletic Injuries" from Primary Care Sports Medicine D. McKeag, D. Hough and E. Zemper. Dubuque, IA: Brown & Benchmark (1993) Football Injury Research "Relative Risk of Cerebral Concussion in Football" Abstract of paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American College of Sports Medicine, Seattle, June 1999. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 31(5) Supplement p. S399 (1999) "Relative Risk of Cerebral Concussion in Football (Text)" Expanded text of the above paper, presented at the Annual Meeting of the American College of Sports Medicine, Seattle, June 1-5, 1999 "A Four-Year Prospective Study of Preventive Knee Braces and MCL Injuries in a National Sample of College Football Players" E.D. Zemper, in: E.F. Hoerner (ed.) Safety in American Football Philadelphia: American Society for Testing and Materials (In Press) "Football Injuries" F.O. Mueller, E.D. Zemper and A. Peters in: D. Caine, C. Caine and K. Lindner (eds.) Epidemiology of Sports Injuries Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics (1996) (An extensive review of research literature on the epidemiology of football injuries - 1971-1995.) "Analysis of Cerebral Concussion Frequency With the Most Commonly Used Models of Football Helmets" E.D. Zemper. Journal of Athletic Training 29(1):44-50 (1994) "Four-Year Study of Weightroom Injuries in a National Sample of College Football Teams" E.D. Zemper. National Strength and Conditioning Association Journal 12(3):32-34 (1990) "A Two-Year Prospective Study of Prophylactic Knee Braces in a National Sample of College Football Players" E.D. Zemper. Sports Training, Medicine and Rehabilitation 1:287-296 (1990) "Injury Rates in a National Sample of College Football Teams: A Two-Year Prospective Study" E.D. Zemper. The Physician and Sports Medicine 17(11):100-113 (1989) "A Prospective Study of Injury Rates in a National Sample of American College Football Players" E.D. Zemper. Proceedings of the First IOC World Congress on Sport Sciences Colorado Springs, CO: U.S. Olympic Committee pp.194-195 (1989) The American Academy of Neurology concussion classification used in ExRA research Brief summary of preliminary results from the 1997 high school football season Brief summary of preliminary results from the 1997 college football season Observations based on preliminary analyses of the 1997 football injury data (HS and college) Brief summary of preliminary results from the 1998 high school football season Brief summary of preliminary results from the 1998 college football season Observations (1998) based on analyses of the 1998 football injury data (HS and college) Taekwondo Injury Research "Time-Loss Injuries in Junior Olympic Taekwondo Athletes" W. Pieter and E.D. Zemper. Sports Exercise and Injury 3:31-42 (1997) "Cerebral Concussion in Taekwondo Athletes" E.D. Zemper and W. Pieter. In: E.F. Hoerner (ed.) Head and Neck Injuries is Sports, ASTM STP 1229 p. 116-123 Philadelphia: American Society for Testing and Materials (1994) "Cerebral Concussion Rates in Taekwondo Competition" E.D. Zemper and W. Pieter. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 22(2):S130 (1990) (Abstract of paper presented at Annual Meeting of American College of Sports Medicine, Salt Lake City, May 1990) "Injury Rates at the 1988 U.S. Olympic Team Trials in Taekwondo" E.D. Zemper and W. Pieter. British Journal of Sports Medicine 23(3):161-164 (1989) "Injury Rates in Junior and Senior National Taekwondo Competition" E.D. Zemper and W. Pieter. In: Proceedings of the First IOC World Congress on Sport Sciences Colorado Springs, CO: U.S. Olympic Committee pp. 219-220 (1989) "USTU-Funded Sports Science Research in Taekwondo - Part I: Overview of the Oregon Taekwondo Project" W. Pieter and E.D. Zemper. Taekwondo USA Fall 1989 "The Oregon Taekwondo Research Project - Part II: Preliminary Injury Research Results" E.D. Zemper and W. Pieter. Taekwondo USA Winter 1990 Gymnastics Injury Research "An Epidemiological Investigation of Injuries Affecting Young Competitive Female Gymnasts" D. Caine, B. Cochrane, C. Caine and E.D. Zemper. American Journal of Sports Medicine 17(6):811-820 (1989) Fencing Injury Research "Fencing Injuries" E.D. Zemper and P. Harmer. In: D. Caine, C. Caine and K. Lindner (eds.) Epidemiology of Sports Injuries Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics (1996) (An extensive review of research literature on the epidemiology of fencing injuries - 1975-1995.) "Summary Report of the USFA Fencing Injury Survey" C. Carter, J. Heil and E. Zemper. American Fencing 43(3):16-17,29 (1993) Active Adults Injury Research "Exercise and Injury Patterns in a Sample of Active Middle-Aged Adults" E.D. Zemper. Paper presented at the International Congress on Sports Medicine and Human Performance, in Vancouver, B.C., Canada, April 1991