Objective: To determine the incidence, severity and nature of injuries sustained during the men`s and women`s 2014/2015 and 2015/2016 Sevens World Series (SWS) and 2016 Olympic Games Rugby Sevens tournaments. Design: A prospective cohort study. Participants: All players from the core teams competing in the men`s and women`s 2014/2015 and 2015/2016 SWS (men: 15 teams; women: 11 teams) and all players from the men`s (12 teams) and women`s (12 teams) 2016 Rio Olympics tournaments. Results: The gold, silver and bronze medal-winning women`s teams contained bigger players (body mass and stature) than other teams but the men`s medal winning teams came from across the size spectrum of men`s teams competing at Rio 2016. The incidences of injury in the men`s tournaments (2014/2015 SWS: 107.7 injuries/1000 player-match-hours (95%?CI 90.9 to 127.4); 2015/2016 SWS: 109.7 (95%?CI 93.7 to 128.6); Rio 2016: 124.5 (95%?CI 73.7 to 210.2)) were higher but not statistically significant than those in the equivalent women`s tournaments (2014/2015 SWS: 88.5 (95%?CI 68.4 to 114.5), p=0.250; 2015/2016 SWS: 109.4 (95%?CI 84.2 to 142.2), p=0.984; Rio 2016: 71.1 (95%?CI 35.6 to 142.2), p=0.208). There were no statistically significant differences between the incidences of injury at the men`s and women`s 2016 Rio Olympics and the equivalent 2014/2015 (men: p=0.603; women: p=0.562) and 2015/2016 (men: p=0.652; women: p=0.254) SWS. Conclusions: The incidence, severity and nature of the injuries sustained during the men`s and women`s Rio 2016 Rugby-7s tournaments fell within the normal range of values for international Rugby-7s tournaments.
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