How do world-class nordic combined athletes differ from specialized cross-country skiers and ski jumpers in sport-specific capacity and training characteristics?
(Wie unterscheiden sich Nordisch Kombinierte der Weltklasse von spezialisierten Skilangläufern und Skispringern bezüglich der sportartspezifischen Kapazität und von Trainingsmerkmalen?)
Purpose:
To compare sport-specific laboratory capacities and the annual training of world-class Nordic combined (NC) athletes with specialized ski jumpers (SJ) and cross-country (XC) skiers.
Methods:
Five world-class athletes from each sports discipline were compared. Ski jump imitations were performed on a 3-dimensional force plate in NC athletes and SJ, whereas XC skiing characteristics were obtained from submaximal and maximal roller ski skating on a treadmill in NC athletes and XC skiers. In addition, anthropometrics and annual training characteristics were determined.
Results:
NC athletes demonstrated 9% higher body mass and showed 17% lower vertical speed in the ski jump imitation than SJ (all P < .05). NC athletes had 12% lower body mass and showed 10% lower peak treadmill speed and 12% lower body-mass-normalized peak oxygen uptake than XC skiers (all P < .05). NC athletes performed half the number of ski-jumping-specific sessions and outdoor ski jumps compared with SJ. NC athletes performed 31% less endurance training, mainly caused by lower amounts of low- and moderate-intensity training in the classical technique, whereas high-intensity strength and speed training and endurance training in the skating technique did not differ substantially from XC skiers.
Conclusions:
To simultaneously optimize endurance, explosive, and technical capacities in 2 different disciplines, world-class NC athletes train approximately two-thirds of the XC skier`s endurance training volume and perform one-half of the ski-jump-specific training compared with SJ. Still, the various laboratory capacities differed only 10-17% compared with SJ and XC skiers.
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Schlagworte: | Nordische Kombination Skilanglauf Skispringen Training Technik Bewegungsmerkmal Leistungsfähigkeit Körperbau Körpermaß Anthropometrie Belastungsumfang Belastungsintensität Belastungsgestaltung Sportphysiologie Herzfrequenz Laktat O2-Aufnahme Kraft Aufwärmung allg. athlet. Ausbildung Schnellkraft Stretching Beweglichkeit speziell allgemein Ausdauer |
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Notationen: | Kraft-Schnellkraft-Sportarten |
Tagging: | Bewegungszyklus Zykluslänge Zyklusfrequenz BMI |
DOI: | 10.1123/ijspp.2015-0285 |
Veröffentlicht in: | International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance |
Veröffentlicht: |
2016
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Jahrgang: | 11 |
Heft: | 7 |
Seiten: | 899-906 |
Dokumentenarten: | Artikel |
Sprache: | Englisch |
Level: | hoch |