Introduction: During the last four decades, several hundred scientific studies have been published concerning running shoes and running injuries and lately paradigms or concepts have been proposed and studied in the attempt to understand running related biomechanics. Examples include: the muscle tuning paradigm - muscles are tuned before landing on a shoe/surface combination to minimize soft tissue vibrations (Nigg, 1997; Nigg and Wakeling, 2001) the preferred movement path paradigm - the skeleton attempts to stay in a preferred movement path for every joint during a specific movement (Nigg, 2010) and the concept of functional groups - groups of people react to a specific intervention in a very group-specific way (Nigg, 2010). With all these scientific findings and paradigms/concepts the question remains, however, whether and how much these changes in running shoes have affected the injury frequency in running and more specifically whether shape and function of running shoes had/have an effect on the injury frequency in running. This presentation will address these questions in the form of a general review and will propose a new paradigm/concept that relates to shoes and running injuries.
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