In many parts of the world major sporting events are held in extremely hot conditions.It is well accepted that the human body is able to thermoregulate efficiently during exercise in a range of cool to moderate ambient conditions. However,thermoregulation has been shown to be more difficult during exercise in hot conditions.In recent studies, it has been suggested that the attainment of a critically high body core temperature influences brain activity,cerebral metabolic and neurotransmitter changes; which may also lead to a reduced central nervous system drive to skeletal muscle for exercise performance. As a result,high body core temperature is proposed as the one of the main factors limiting endurance performance. The hypothalamus is the critical thermoregulatory site in the brain during exercise and neurotransmission in this region are involved in temperature regulation. The physiological mechanisms involved with hyperthermia-induced central fatigue may appear to be influenced by neurotransmitter activity of catecholamine. In order to successfully improve exercise performance through prevention of hyperthermia in hot conditions, several strategies including fluid intake, pre-cooling and other cooling applications have been applied. This review focuses on the possible brain mechanisms at high body temperature that influence exercise performance, and the variable strategies for preventing hyperthermia during exercise in the heat
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