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The periodizatioin of training in practice, science and sience fiction

(Trainingsperiodisierung in Training, Wissenschaft und Science fiction)

A body works as a result of a complex system in which the various organs are involved, to varying extents, in carrying out external work. In sport, the increase of motor potential is the main theme of a vast amount of literature, with elements which are not always unambiguous. At present, we still have fragmentary scientific evidence on the logic of the laws governing the processes of physical adaptation to intense exercise. Preparation aimed at high results, in any sport, today appears more than ever as an organization of specific stimuli aimed not only at an increase in the potential of bio-energetic performance, but also at the ability to use this same potential. Now, for such use we must take into account a variety of other factors, which are equally specific and refer to special abilities, such as technique, health, on the personality of the individuals. However, several elements are involved in the definition of a problem, and it becomes more difficult to have a unique and comprehensive conceptual picture. The boost scientific research has experienced in recent decades is, in the history of the studies in question, of an unprecedented scope, and ranges from the physiological to the mechanical sphere, from the psychological to the social and naturally, there are more schools of thought which, while not rejecting the indisputable data of research, assign to them a different context. So, what stage are we at? Today we follow the correct idea that the organization of training bases its laws on living matter's ability to adapt to external stimuli, if these can act according to complex dynamics, but within the tolerance limits of the actual individual. The genetic aspect alone represents an essential starting point that explains how different individuals using the same training will not obtain the same results. This individuality is the first reason why precise conclusions cannot be drawn on the effectiveness of the stimuli that structured exercise has on the body, as a general rule, although studies carried out on identical twins can provide further information. Neither mild or random, nor intense stimuli produce adaptation effects in the body. It is the laws of nature, the same that led to the evolution and the subsequent extinction of particular species, when the environment changed too abruptly. We should also remember that the external environmental pressure is crucial for life: in the absence of this, we observe a functional and structural reduction which affects all organs and systems, without exception. The very idea of overcompensation resulting from training stimuli implicitly acknowledges an increase in load according to the most diverse solutions, and which is still at the centre of a heated debate. In the early 1960s, the methodology of training came from experience, while the intricacies between general, specific and technical preparation were more whimsical and controversial; a basic concept however remained unchanged, the progressive nature of the training load during the career of athletes. To complicate matters, in the manner of Chinese boxes, one inside the other, motor skills not only counteract each other but have different times of development, just as various organs and systems during the developmental stages of adolescence.
© Copyright 2017 EWF Scientific Magazine. Calzetti & Mariucci. Alle Rechte vorbehalten.

Schlagworte: Tendenz Entwicklung Trainingsperiodisierung Sportwissenschaft
Notationen: Trainingswissenschaft Kraft-Schnellkraft-Sportarten
Veröffentlicht in: EWF Scientific Magazine
Veröffentlicht: 2017
Jahrgang: 3
Heft: 7
Seiten: 56-75
Dokumentenarten: Artikel
Sprache: Englisch
Level: mittel